Religious Social Education Coursework Christianity Essay Example

Adidas Marketing Communication Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Adidas Marketing Communication - Research Paper Example They likewise gave data about how they found out about Adidas items. They gave data about the different channels that the organization utilizes so as to contact them. Information that was gathered for this investigation was from both essential and auxiliary sources. The essential information assortment strategies that were utilized incorporate meetings, surveys and perception. Meetings were utilized to gather information about the advertising correspondence techniques utilized by Adidas. Both the representatives of the organization and individuals from people in general were met. Organized and unstructured inquiries questions were utilized to scrutinize the workers about the promoting correspondence systems that the organization utilizes in guaranteeing that its items enter the worldwide market. The individuals from general society were additionally met on their recognitions about the advancement, valuing, sponsorship, and other advertising methodologies utilized by Adidas. Talking the members was significant in gathering direct data for the investigation. Surveys were likewise used to gather data about the promoting correspondence methodologies of Adidas from athletes, understudies, and different purchasers. Another information assortment technique utilized is perception. Notices of the organization were seen in the media, for example, sites, TV, and print media. Auxiliary wellsprings of information, for example, books, business diaries, and research reports were utilized in social event data about the showcasing correspondence techniques utilized by Adidas. These auxiliary sources were significant in understanding the historical backdrop of the organization and the market inclines throughout the years. In this examination study, information gathered was both quantitative and subjective. The information gathered was dissected so as to recognize the different techniques for promoting correspondence that Adidas utilizes and their effect in affecting customer choices over athletic gear and clothing. Through examining the information the investigation had the option to uncover the

Review For Paperhelp - How to Choose a Good Product

Review For Paperhelp - How to Choose a Good ProductIf you are considering printing or if you have already printed some items, it is a good idea to read and follow a review for paper help. With the help of this review, you will be able to know how to improve your order processing and delivery system so that it will work smoothly.As you can see from the summary of this review, the first step is to consider the material that you will use in your project. This will depend on your requirements. To find out the kind of paper that you should buy, you need to browse some different options. You will get the option to choose the best quality paper that will suit your needs.After knowing that you will need a good quality paper, you can now start searching for the right paper. Your search for paper can now be done through the internet. The internet will be helpful in that you will be able to read the reviews about different types of papers so that you will get an idea about how it would work. Yo u will then be able to choose the type of paper that you are looking for.You can also ask around to friends or relatives who have used the appropriate product. They will be able to tell you about the results of their purchase and how they got to use it. Through the feedback of people, you will get an idea of the product that you are going to buy. It is important to note that it will not be very reliable if people do not give you an honest review.The second thing that you need to remember in your review for paperhelp is to consider the printer and paper that you will be using. Having a nice set of equipment is important since you will not be able to get any good results if you cannot print on high quality papers. You also need to consider the paper that you are going to use because it will determine the quality of the product that you are buying.The next thing that you need to consider is to think about the color of the paper that you will be using. For instance, some people will be able to take advantage of the white or the blue color paper. You will be able to get your items printed on high quality paper if you use the white or the blue color.The next thing that you need to consider when doing a review for paperhelp is to determine the product that you will be using. If you do not know the materials that you are going to use, you can simply type the keywords 'review for paper' in Google and look for reviews for products that are suitable for your project. By reading these reviews, you will be able to have an idea about what kind of materials you are going to be using.Also, you can consider reading about how other people use the product. By reading this review, you will be able to know more about the different products and how to use them to get the best product.

Blindness In Oedipus The King Essay - 725 Words

Blindness plays a two-fold part in Sophoclesamp;#8217; tragedy amp;#8220;Oedipus the King.; First, Sophocles presents blindness as a physical disability affecting the auger Teiresias, and later Oedipus; but later, blindness comes to mean an inability to see the evil in oneamp;#8217;s actions and the consequences that ensue. The irony in this lies in the fact that Oedipus, while gifted with sight, is blind to himself, in contrast to Teiresias, blind physically, but able to see the evil to which Oedipus has fallen prey to. Tragically, as Oedipus gains the internal gift of sight, he discards his outward gift of sight. Sight, therefore, seems to be like good and evil, a person may only choose one. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Teiresias,†¦show more content†¦Yet what distinguishes Teiresias from the others was his genuine concern for others amp;#8211; a concern that he voiced before demolishing Oedipus in front of the growing crowd outside of the palace. For Teiresias, the choice was simple amp;#8211; he chose to forego his disability and delve deeper into himself in order to find a sight that surpassed his physical limitations, a sight destined for good. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Oedipus, on the other hand, was not given such an easy decision. While gifted with an outward sense of sight, he lacked the knowledge of his own sinful actions - his hamartia, so to speak. Oedipus was seeing to others, but blind to himself. As he fled from Corinth, fearing a prophecy he received from an oracle, Oedipus showed complete blindness to the inevitability of his fate. The murder of his father, Laius, and the subsequent marriage to this mother, Jocasta, further elucidate the extent of Oedipusamp;#8217; blindness; blind in deed, reason, and consequence. Tragically, Oedipusamp;#8217; anagnorisis occurs simultaneously with his motheramp;#8217;s/wifeamp;#8217;s suicide. With a heart full of despair and a pair of newly opened eyes, Oedipus makes his transformation complete as he exchanges his limited physical eyesight for the spiritual sight possessed by Teiresias. With this being done, Oedipus also seals his fate amp;#8211; he no longer can serve evil,Sh ow MoreRelatedTheme Of Blindness In Oedipus The King781 Words   |  4 Pagesa Greek Drama Oedipus the King in which he incorporates how we, as humans, process pain and different ways of doing so. Oedipus the King is about Oedipus fulfilling a prophecy the Sphinx predicted. Throughout the story, Oedipus’ revelation to the Sphinx’s prophecy becomes so horrific to him that he, himself, ends up blind. Blindness is the focus of Oedipus the King in that Oedipus is blind to the truth about the prophecy and is reluctant to believe it. The three types of blindness that occur throughoutRead MoreSight And Blindness In Oedipus The King789 Words   |  4 PagesCaleb Cho Ms. Kim English 373H 5-October- 2017 Tension Between â€Å"Sight† and â€Å"Blindness† Essay - Rough Draft Deep in the forest lived a blind man named Carl. Once a week Carl would travel to the nearest city to buy supplies and food. One day, a young boy decided to play a trick on Carl, the boy would catch a bug, and then ask if the bug was alive or dead. If Carl said â€Å"alive† the boy would crush the bug and show Carl the bug was dead. If Carl answered â€Å"dead† the boy would let the bug fly away, aliveRead MoreSight and Blindness in Oedipus the King Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesThe Irony of Sight and Knowledge in Oedipus the King People equate ‘seeing’ to gaining knowledge. Expressions such as â€Å"I see† and â€Å"seeing truth† are used to express understanding of something, but is seeing really the same as knowing? In Oedipus the King, Oedipus’s inability to grasp the truth is despite the fact that he is physically able to see contrasts Teiresias’s knowledge of the truth even though he is blind. The irony of the blind man being knowledgeable, and the seer becomingRead MoreThe Portrayal of Blindness in The Outsider and Oedipus the King1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Portrayal of Blindness in The Outsider and Oedipus the King A primitive motif in Oedipus the King by Sophocles and The Outsider by Albert Camus is blindness. The protagonists in the novels are blinded to a personal truth, and are physically blinded as well. In The Outsider, Meursault’s blindness is metaphorical, as he is negligent to his own absurdity, which he later becomes categorized as. On the other hand, Oedipus’s blindness is literal, as he is ignorant to the truth of his life;Read MoreUse of Blindness in Oedipus the King Essay920 Words   |  4 Pagesin his plays, Wisdom stands out as the most impact full. After all, No law or ordinance is mightier than understanding(Plato 1/2). In the play Oedipus the King, Sophocles uses the blindness of Teriesias, Jocasta, and Oedipus to point out how understanding is far greater than vision alone. In the play Oedipus the King, Sophocles use the blindness of Teiresias to point out the great power behind wisdom and understand. Teiresias, by your art you read signs and secrets of the earth and the sky;Read MoreEssay on Theme of Blindness in Sophocles Oedipus the King758 Words   |  4 PagesTheme of Blindness in Sophocles Oedipus the King Sophocles?s play, ?Oedipus the King? is one of the most well known of the Greek tragedies. The play?s interesting plot, along with the incredible way it is written are only two of the many reasons why two thousand years later, it is still being read and viewed. For those who are not familiar with the story of ?Oedipus the King?, it is written about the results of a curse put on King Oedipus which claims that he will murder his father and marryRead MoreEssay on Blindness and Sight - Lack of Vision in Oedipus The King910 Words   |  4 PagesBlindness in Oedipus The King (Rex) What is sight? Is it just the ability to recognize one’s surroundings or is there more? Is it knowledge? Is it understanding? Can a blind man see? Can the sighted be blind? And beyond, when the truth is too terrible, do we choose not to see? The phrase too see has so very many connotations. One meaning is to know or to understand and the other is based on the physical aspects of things. As humans, we are distracted by the physical world, which causes usRead More Blindness and Sight - Sight Versus Insight in Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)1357 Words   |  6 PagesSight Versus Insight in Oedipus the King      Ã‚  Ã‚   Anyone who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eye are of two kinds, and arise from two causes, either from coming out of the light or from going into the light,which is true of the minds eye, quite as much as the bodily eye; and he who remembers this when he sees anyone whose vision is perplexed and weak, will not be too ready to laugh; he will ask whether that soul of man has come out of the brighter life, and is unableRead More Blindness, Sight and Eyes in Sophocles Oedipus The King Essay682 Words   |  3 PagesThe Deeper Meaning of Sight and Eyes in Sophocles Oedipus The King In Sophocles play, Oedipus The King, the continuous references to eyes and sight possess a much deeper meaning than the literal message. These allusions are united with several basic underlying themes. The story contains common Ancient Greek philosophies, including those of Plato and Parmenides, which are often discussed and explained during such references. A third notion is the punishment of those who violate the law ofRead More Oedipus the King by Sopohocles Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus the King by Sopohocles Works Cited Not Included Throughout the play, Oedipus the King, Sophocles refers to site and blindness to relate attitudes and knowledge of the past. The irony of sight in this play can be marked by Oedipus’ inability to realize that which is evident to the reader. His extreme pride is his tragic flaw. It blinds him from the truth. Oedipus blinding himself symbolizes his increase of knowledge, his sensitivity, and gives him the ability to finally see. He

A Doll’s House and The Cherry Orchard - 1520 Words

Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard were famous for the way in which they depicted the changing of cultures. Both plays act as a sort of social commentary during times of widespread liberation, and use the contortive nature of these seemingly stereotypical characters’ actions to speak about groups of people as a whole. Throughout the course of both plays, this subversion of how different groups of people were typically perceived created a distinct contrast which often shocked and appalled audiences of the time. However, the effects of these plays were felt long after they were presented. Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, written in 1879, is set in late-19th century Norway. Upon publication, Ibsen’s biting†¦show more content†¦In furtherance of this, Torvald even begs and pleads for her to stay, all to no avail. Nora explains: â€Å"I have waited for eight years. I felt quite certain that the wonderful thing was going to happen at last. . .I was so absolutely certain that you would come forward and take everything upon yourself (Ibsen 70).† Torvald responds, in accordance with popular male thinking,† No man would sacrifice his honor for the one he loves (Ibsen 70).† At this point, Nora decides she must leave Torvald. This decision is the ultimate act of insubordination, as no woman of late-19th century Norway would have dared to act in such a bold way. As the play concludes, Torvald is left sad and weak, his masculinity diminished, but realizing that the way which he treated Nora was improper and immoral. The final line leaves a lingering hint of hope for a resolution, tying together the social commentary with a possible solution: more equal treatment of women. Likewise, Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard also uses subversion techniques and insubordination in order to bring to light many prevailing social themes of late-19th century Russia. During this period of time, Russia was faced with a massive change. In 1861, serfdom was eradicated in Russia and serfs were freed. This action had enormous social implications, as an entire generation of serfs were now free to roam amongst the masses of wealthy people. Of course,Show MoreRelatedThe Cherry Orchard and A Doll’s House.1208 Words   |  5 Pages People bring their downfalls upon themselves. Do certain habitually practice leave them wondering what wrong they did? Torvald from Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Madame Ranevsky from Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard are left to start afresh at the end of the plays after they neglected a key element in their lives. Torvald toys with Nora, his wife, fulfilling only his wants and only his needs and abases her; never considering her his equal. The fallacious choice Madame Ranevsky makes concerningRead MoreThe Cherry Orchard: Reality, Illusion, and Foolish Pride1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cherry Orchard: Reality, Illusion, and Foolish Pride Chandler Friedman English 231 Dr. Clark Lemons In the plays The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov, A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, and Galileo by Bertolt Brecht, the protagonists mental beliefs combine reality and illusion that both shape the plot of each respective story. The ability of the characters to reject or accept an illusion, along with the foolish pride that motivated their decision, leads to their personalRead More A Doll’s House - Nora Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesNora is the central character in the book A Doll’s House and it is through her that Ibsen develops many of his themes To what extent is loyalty shown by the lead female characters characters? What are the consequences of this? Within these two books loyalty is a minor theme and one that is easily missed, indeed it is narrow. However, it is still one which weaves a thread through both of the books encompassing major and minor characters, the material and the abstract. In commencing this Read MoreTaking a Look at Realism2663 Words   |  11 Pagesdelved into the world of realism. After living in a bankrupt family, tutoring for money, and living on his own since he was fifteen, Ibsen had a unique perspective on life, and his work reflected this (â€Å"Henrik Ibsen†). His later plays such as A Doll’s House, Hedda Gabler, and Ghosts dripped with realism. They contained many controversial topics that challenged the beliefs of the time period. In Ghosts, Ibsen wrote about illegitimate children, sexually transmitted diseases, and incest. These wereRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pageson the Floss The Awakening Moby-Dick Billy Budd Mrs. Dalloway Bleak House Native Son Bless Me,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to Arms Song of Solomon Ghosts The Stone Angel The Great Gatsby The Stranger Heart of Darkness A Tale of Two Cities The House of Mirth Their Eyes Were Watching God Jude the Obscure 2003 (Form A): According

Reaction Paper Format free essay sample

The reaction papers must be typed (double-spaced) and should be no longer than a page to a page and a half long. Place your name and date in the header (top left page). These papers DO NOT require the use of a cover page. I. Bibliographic information (APA Style) II. Major points in the article (Must be in narrative format) a. Make sure you include an introductory paragraph. b. Each paragraph must have a minimum of 3 sentences. This is a must! You may have more than 3 sentences, but not less than 3. c. Write in third person- do not include personal opinions or the use of personal nouns such as â€Å"I†, â€Å"we† or â€Å"me†. â€Å"You, I, we, us belong in the critique section where you are relating personal opinions, not in the summary. d. The reaction paper must be typed and double-spaced. e. The reaction paper should be at least one page, but no more than a page and a half. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper Format or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page f. Please avoid contractions. Inclusive language should be used in the reaction paper (for example: gender references should be written as â€Å"he/she† when the gender in unknown. h. No citations are necessary (within the paper) i. This section should include the summary only. III. As a prospective movement practitioner, how may knowledge of the content improve the teaching/learning/rehab process? a. Use specific examples III. Discuss any new or contradictory information. a. Discuss any information found in the article that is new(different from what is found in the book) or contradicts information found in the book.

Southwest Airlines

The southwest airline, which was founded by Herb Keller the then CEO in June 1971, has been one of the most profitable businesses since it commenced its operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was ranked among the top admired airlines in the past as per a survey conducted by the American customer satisfaction index from 1997 to 2001 in terms of satisfactory customer service. The southwest airlines applied a shorthaul approach, which entailed a 55 minutes flight time. It also paid its crews by each trip and used the less congested airports for its operations. In addition, the southwest pilots were not members of a national union that limited the number of hours a pilot could fly an airplane. The duration between landing of a plane and its takeoff was about 20 minutes, in which four ground crew and two gate agents were required, as opposed to the united air lines, which required approximately 30 minutes with an additional ground crew of 12 and 3 gate agents. The CEO’s philosophy of putting employees’ needs first contributed to satisfying the employees, who resulted to being dedicated and motivated, thus working towards satisfying the customers’ needs. When customers are pleased with the services offered, they definitely come back for more services (Achtmeyer, 2002). In June 2010, Southwest Airline celebrated 40 years of service, which is remarkable. Industry Analysis of Southwest Airlines Southwest Airline has been constantly profitable, as opposed to other airlines, some of which have been declared bankrupt. Its reputation hails from low-affordable fares, timely flights, and an attractive corporate culture. Nevertheless, each business is influenced by Michael porter’s five forces, which include; â€Å"supplier power, buyer power, threats of substitutes, degree of rivalry and threats of new entrants† (Orcullo, 2007, p. 49). Rivalry A competitive market is always associated with rivalry, because of market concentration. As a result, each airline fights to achieve a competitive advantage. The southwest Airlines offer low fares as one of their competition strategies and offers many on-time flights to its customers. Price wars are evident in the airline industry as a means of attracting customers; for instance, Southwest Airlines offers low cost fares that are readily available on the internet. In addition, Southwest Airline has managed to beat Delta Airlines in terms of fares, since the latter’s fares are quiet high. In addition, Delta Airlines has outweighed Southwest Airlines due to the acquiring of Northwest Airlines, hence capable of offering passenger access to all cities in the United States and across all corners of the world.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More U nited Airlines recently merged with Continental, posing as a threat to the Southwest Airlines. Nevertheless, Southwest Airline knows that low fares alone cannot guarantee a competitive advantage; therefore, it pays its pilots handsomely, 40% higher as compared to other airlines, hence motivating the pilots to fly at least an extra hour as opposed to other airlines (Mouawad, 2010). In addition, Southwest Airline does not charge for the customer flight changes, therefore, customers are easily lured. In contrast, Delta Airline distributes majority of its tickets to travel agents, thus, costs are incurred, which result to rise in the ticket prices for customers. However, Southwest Airline creates online ticket booking at low prices, a strategy that has proved to be a reliable over the years. Threat of Entry Due to the deregulation of airline industries, new airlines may emerge, to avoid some airlines being declared bankrupt because of stiff competition. Southwest Airline has been faced by a lot of threat from the emerging airlines that have adopted the low cost and quality customer care services; for instance the Jet Blue Airways, hence being a challenge to the Southwest Airline in fear of loosing customers to the growing airline. Threats of Substitutes Most of the services offered by airlines are almost similar; hence, a customer may be tempted to try out another airline with similar services. The airline industry faces threat from other means of transportation, for instance, buses or trains. This may be relevant in short distances, however, in long overseas destinations, most people prefer the airlines, as they are fast. The southwest airline is exposed to the threat of the substitutes offered by the rival airlines, for instance, some destinations traveled by Delta Airlines are also covered by Southwest Airlines – New York, Miami and other countries. In addition, Jet Blue Airway has proved to be a major threat in terms of the low fare strategy, whereby, i t offers approximately low fares, as it is the case with the southwest airline. The Suppliers Bargaining Power Due to the competitive airline industry, airplane manufactures like Boeing and Airbus have a high bargaining power due to the switching costs incurred when changing airplane models. However, Southwest Airline has been using one kind of airplane, Boeing 737, hence saving a lot of cash in terms of maintenance and training of engineers. This measure gives Boeing manufactures a high bargaining power over the Southwest Airline, as it only uses one plane model. However, the recent remarks made by Kelly Gary, the current CEO of Southwest Airline, on a possible shift from the Boeing manufactures to other manufactures with fuel-efficient aircraft could render Boeing manufacturer’s bargaining power to decrease. Nevertheless, Boeing manufactures may have a low bargaining power over its other customers like Jet Blue Airways, since it is not as enormous as the southwest airlines. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Southwest Airlines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Buyer Bargaining Power Southwest Airline offer friendly fares to their customers as a way of attracting more customers. However, there are a number of services that are spiced up to make the passenger comfortable – bags are not charged, pets accompanied by a passenger are allowed in the plane, and pet cabins are provided. Moreover, change of flights is not charged, therefore guaranteeing customers flexibility. These strategies give customers a bargaining power, as they are able to choose from any affordable traveling classes, and have the freedom of bringing their pets along. Conclusion Since its operations in 1971, Southwest Airline has proven to be effective and reliable, in terms of customer service, flexibility, and productivity. The adopted strategy of cost leadership and product differentiation has led to a competit ive advantage. Despite the short trips it made in its early years, those trips were accompanied by a large number of passengers, and the flights were always on time. Providing relative low fares to its customers and paying its employee handsomely has contributed to loyalty from both the customers and employees. In addition, Southwest Airline has a unique culture, which involves allowing its attendants engaging the passengers in songs and games. References Achtmeyer, W. (2002). Southwest airline corporation, No.2-0012. Turk school of business at Dartmouth. Web. Mouawad, J. (2010). The New York Times; business day. Web. Orcullo, N. (2007). Fundamentals of Strategic Management. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore Inc Publisher.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Southwest Airlines was written and submitted by user Kayla Herring to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Southwest Airlines

Sarah Emma Edmonds - Woman Who Fought in the Civil War

Sarah Emma Edmonds - Woman Who Fought in the Civil War Known for:  serving in the Civil War by disguising herself as a man; writing a post-Civil War book about her wartime experiences Dates:  - Sarah Emma Edmonds was born Edmonson or Edmondson in New Brunswick, Canada in December 1841. Her father was Isaac Edmon(d)son and her mother Elizabeth Leepers.   Early Life Sarah grew up working in the fields with her family and was usually wearing boys’ clothing doing so.  She left home to avoid a marriage instigated by her father.  Eventually, she began dressing as a man, selling Bibles, and calling herself Franklin Thompson.  She moved to Flint, Michigan as part of her job, and there she decided to join Company F of the Second Michigan Regiment of Volunteer Infantry, still as Franklin Thompson. During the War She successfully evading detection as a woman for a year, though some fellow soldiers seem to have suspected. She participated in the Battle of Blackburns Ford, First Bull Run/Manassas, the Peninsular Campaign, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. Sometimes, she served in the capacity of a nurse, and sometimes more actively in the campaign.  According to her memoirs, she sometimes served as a spy, disguised as a woman (Bridget OShea), a boy, a black woman or a black man. She may have made 11 trips behind Confederate lines.  At Antietam, treating one soldier, she realized that it was another woman in disguise, and agreed to bury the soldier so that none would discover her real identity. She deserted in Lebanon in April 1863. There’s been some speculation that her desertion was to join James Reid, another soldier who left, giving as a reason that his wife was sick. After deserting, she worked - as Sarah Edmonds - as a nurse for the U.S. Christian Commission. Edmonds published her version of her service - with many embellishments - in 1865 as  Nurse and Spy in the Union Army. She donated proceeds from her book to societies founded to help veterans of the war. Life After the War At Harpers Ferry, while nursing, she had met Linus Seelye, and they married in 1867, first living in Cleveland, later moving around to other states including Michigan, Louisiana, Illinois, and Texas. Their three children died young and they adopted two sons. In 1882 she began to petition for a pension as a veteran, asking for assistance in her pursuit from many who had served in the army with her. She was granted one in 1884 under her new married name, Sarah E. E. Seelye, including back pay and including removing the designation of deserter from Franklin Thomas’ records. She moved to Texas, where she was admitted into the GAR (Grand Army of the Republic), the only woman to be admitted. Sarah died a few years later in Texas on September 5, 1898. We know of Sarah Emma Edmonds primarily through her own book, through records assembled to defend her pension claim, and through diaries of two men with whom she served. Bibliography Civil War Battle from the Perspective of a Nurse - S. Emma Edmonds  - an excerpt from Edmonds 1865 memoir telling the story of the Battle of Bull Run, 1861 (also called 1st Manassas)Moss, Marissa.  Nurse, Soldier, Spy: The Story of Sarah Edmonds, a Civil War Hero.  Ages 9-12.Sequin, Marilyn.  Where Duty Calls: The Story of Sarah Emma Edmonds, Soldier and Spy in the Union Army.  Young Adult Fiction.Reil, Seymour.  Behind Rebel Lines: The Incredible Story of Emma Edmonds, Civil War Spy.  Ages 9-12.Edmonds, S. Emma.  Nurse and Spy in the Union Army: Comprising the Adventures and Experiences of a Woman in Hospitals, Camps and Battle-Fields.  1865.

Major Wars and Conflicts of the 20th Century

Major Wars and Conflicts of the 20th Century The 20th century was dominated by wars and conflicts that often altered the balance of  power around the globe. The 20th century saw the emergence of total wars, such as World War I and World War II, which were  large enough to encompass nearly the entire world. Other wars, like the Chinese Civil War, remained local but still caused the deaths of millions of people. The reasons for the wars varied from expansion disputes  to  upsets in government to the  intentional murder of an entire people. However, they all shared one thing: an extraordinary number of deaths. Which Was the Deadliest War of the 20th Century? The largest and bloodiest war of the 20th century (and of  all time) was World War II. The conflict, which lasted from 1939 to 1945, involved most of the planet. When it was finally over, more than 60 million people were dead. Of that enormous group, which represents about 3 percent of the entire world population at the time, the huge majority (well over 50 million) were civilians. World War I was also bloody, with 8.5 million military deaths plus an estimated 13 million more civilian fatalities. If we were to add in the deaths caused by the  1918  influenza epidemic, which was spread by returning soldiers at the end of  World War I,  the WWI total would be much higher, since the epidemic alone was responsible for  50 to 100 million deaths. Third in the list of bloody wars of the 20th century is the Russian Civil War, which caused the deaths of an estimated 9 million people. Unlike the two world wars, however, the Russian Civil War did not spread across Europe or beyond. Rather, it was a struggle for power following the Russian Revolution, and it pitted the Bolsheviks, headed by Lenin, against a coalition called the White Army. Interestingly, the Russian Civil War was over 14 times deadlier than the American Civil War, which saw the deaths of 620,000. The American Civil War was by far the deadliest war in history for United States soldiers. The second deadliest war in terms of American deaths was World War II in which 405,399 Americans died. The List of Major Wars and Conflicts of the 20th Century All of these wars, conflicts, revolutions, civil wars, and genocides shaped the 20th century. Below is a chronological list of the major wars of the 20th century. 1898–1901 Boxer Rebellion1899–1902 Boer War1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War1910–1920 Mexican Revolution1912–1913 First and Second Balkan Wars1914–1918 World War I1915–1918 Armenian Genocide1917 Russian Revolution1918–1921 Russian Civil War1919–1921 Irish War of Independence1927–1937 Chinese Civil War1933–1945 Holocaust1935–1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War (also known as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War or the Abyssinian War)1936–1939 Spanish Civil War1939–1945 World War II1945–1990 Cold War1946–1949 Chinese Civil War resumes1946–1954 First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War)1948 Israel War of Independence (also known as the Arab-Israeli War)1950–1953 Korean War1954–1962 French-Algerian War1955–1972 First Sudanese Civil War1956 Suez Crisis1959 Cuban Revolution1959–1975  Vietnam War1967 Six-Day War1979–1989 Soviet-Afgha n War1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War1990–1991 Persian Gulf War1991–1995 Third Balkan War1994 Rwandan Genocide

Marine Electric Energy Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marine Electric Energy Sources - Essay Example Tides are formed as a result of gravitation force from the sun and the moon, Tidal barrage are dams constructed across an estuary to hold water during high tides and then utilise the potential energy from the high water levels during low tide to generate electricity using turbines, the largest tidal barrage is the Rance tidal plant in France that produces 240 mega watts. Wave are formed when a strong wind passes over sea water, when wave energy is captured it is used to generate electricity, the height of waves depend on the speed of wind, depth of water and duration of wind. According to Jason Margolis(2007) the Pelamis system is on of the widely used method to produce electricity, the Pelamis is a large snake like device that floats and is anchored to the seabed, the device has three power generating sections and waves enable the device to make snake like movements that push hydraulic fluids used in generating electricity, Jason Margolis (2007) states that the system is expensive compared to other sources of energy and at the same time relatively inefficient, these devices are placed parallel to each other forming a wave farm, one of the operational Pelamis system was installed in Portugal in 2008 producing 2.25 megawatts. Offshore Wind farms: Wind power is utilised by turbines which that produce electric energy, according to Jason Margolis (2007) wind energy costs have reduced by 80% over the years due to advancement in technology. A wind farm is a number of wind turbines in the same location. Wind farms are either onshore farm, near shore or offshore. Offshore wind farms are located some kilometres into the sea, wind speed in the sea is considered to have higher speed compared to the wind on the land, however offshore wind firms are more expensive than other wind farms. According to Jason Szep (2009) the US plans to install an offshore wind firm at a cost of 1 billion dollars, the project is expected to have 130 turbines which will produce approximately 170 megawatts in the Cape Cod region and the power generated will be in a position to provide power to over 400,000 residents. Ocean thermal energy conversion: This is a form of energy source that involves utilising temperature differences in sea water, large temperature differences produce more power, the thermal system used in producing electricity is approximately 3%, system used in utilising this form of energy are very expensive and the power produced is relatively low and depends on the location. According to Reuters (2008) the US government has plans of spending over 1.4 billion to enable innovations of Ocean thermal energy conversion, for this reason therefore there have been efforts to improve Ocean thermal energy conversion. Political, economic and environmental implications: Political implications: The European Union according to this report is planning to over 20% of energy using renewable source and therefore it is likely that the renewable energy will be alternative in the future to produce electric energy. However Critics exist is that the some forms of energy sources will hinder economic growth, example the proposed wind farm in the US is expected to hinder commercial fishing in

The Theology of the Emerging Church Research Paper

The Theology of the Emerging Church - Research Paper Example Its members do not adhere to the traditional modernist dualisms of spirit and matter, mind and body, sacred or secular, but they want to go a different part in the midst of postmodernism.2 Thesis Statement: This paper aims to study the place of Christology in the theology of the Emerging Church. The need for the study The primary aim and mission of Emerging Church is to bring Christians from different denominations by making significant changes on how the church should be run and organized. This study will have ecumenical importance because it has implications on bringing the different churches together. The church is still diverse and fragmented movement; leaders just want to call it a conversation. They want to be heard and many of the different churches have been spreading their thoughts and beliefs through the different media including the Internet. Main Body The Emerging Church has been understood as a conversation on how to interpret the gospel in the midst of postmodern cultur e, and a call to action in this setting. It has been regarded by proponents that the Emerging Church has made important contributions to the church’s ecclesiology.3 The church has undergone a paradigm shift due to culture change. Discussions on postmodernity and postmodern have been taking place in various denominations. The terms postmodernity, postmodernism, and postmodern cultures have been freely interchanged but are not, in reality, synonymous. Nathan C. P. Frambach prefers to use the term â€Å"post-whateverism†, whose language refers to a ‘concept of flux’4. The world passes through various phenomena and transitions, for instance, the industrial age which refers to the past, the information age which is the present, and the biotechnology age which is the future. There are three core characteristics that identify the Emerging Church, and these are: ‘identifying with the life of Jesus, transforming secular space, and commitment to community as a way of life’.5 These practices lead to the other six practices which are: ‘welcoming the stranger, serving with generosity, participating as producers, creating as created beings, leading as a body, and taking part in spiritual activities’.6 The Nine Patterns Eddie Gibbs and Ryan Bolger discussed the nine patterns in imitating the ways of Jesus, leading to a new conversation and a new life with the Lord, apart from the practices of the traditional church. Identifying with the life of Jesus The example of Jesus, when he lived with his disciples on earth, is characteristic of the emerging churches. But they also hold Christ as unique. Jesus’ teaching is linked to the gospel he proclaimed. He asked his disciples to repent and be baptised because â€Å"The kingdom of God is at hand.† This is the kingdom promised by the Hebrew prophets and to be established with the coming of Jesus. D. A. Carson says that emergents are following the uniqueness of Christ and that this uniqueness allows them to have a new thinking and a new way of questioning their

The Successful Development Essay -- Technology, Logistics

The successful development and implementation of networked technologies coupled with ingenuity and collaboration allowed Michigan to thrive in the manufacturing and service sectors at the turn of the century. By 1900 railroads combined with steamboats, the telegraph, lighthouses and silos revolutionized overland transportation and travel, pulling Michigan and national markets together, aiding in the creation of the modern consumer society and the production of new technologies. Railroads cut travel time dramatically and reduced freight costs with two important economic results for Michigan. First, they made the settlement and development of continental interiors possible which transformed demanding and dangerous journeys of months into a trip of a few days. This linked the countryside more closely to the cities, production areas to markets and raw materials, and continental interiors to coastlines and waterways. Second, farmers switched from raising subsistence crops to cash crops better suited for their local soils, thus increasing crop yields dramatically and income for consumer goods. This stimulated sales, provided more jobs, increased production, and lowered prices. With business booming, companies developed new products, triggering an explosion of new technological advances, inventions, and consumer products in the latter 1800's. Steamboats would be coupled with railroads along with lighthouses, the telegraph and silos. Until steamboats, man had only his might and the wind to transport himself and his cargo. The bulk of the products were floated downstream on rafts and flatboats. However, these vessels were too clumsy to navigate upriver. Although wind was free and worked efficiently on oceans and big lakes, it was no ma... ...nessmen sough to curb seasonal irregularities and promote stability. They formed employers association to monitor labor costs, a trade association to deal with shippers, and new banks to handle the demands of capital and money markets. Due to the ingenuity of men like Sligh, McMillan and Berkey coupled with the development and implementation of networked technologies in transportation and communication Michigan was able to survive economically at the turn of the century. By 1900 Michigan would be tied to national market, aiding in the creation of the modern consumer society and the production of new technologies. These same factors that led to Michigan’s survival would later open Michigan, particularly with the help of Gerald Ford and his Motel T, to become a powerhouse of industrialization and the birthplace of a mobile renaissance in the entire United States.

Loren Baritz’s “God’s Country and American Know-How” Essay

In Loren Baritz’s â€Å"God’s Country and American Know-How†, it briefly describes the birth of our nation, characteristics, and theories through out America’s history. â€Å"America would become god’s country† (435) is not only the title of the summary but the basis of our founding father’s thoughts. In the begin only few words were spoken of the outside world, problems consisted within our borders that had to be dealt with. These included Indians, witches, and worst of all shrewd Yankees. The â€Å"new world was puny† (436) and could not be the protector of the free world. World War One was a large factor that increased American thinking of the â€Å"invincible war machine†(440) these thoughts continued up till World War Two, Americans now knew they we were superior, with the development of nuclear weapons technology has proven their superiority on the battlefield. JFK, Eisenhower, and George F. Kennan are just some of the examples Loren quotes from, but these great men show the change in American views and opinions. â€Å"We went to war in Vietnam in the name of ideas, of principles, of abstractions.†(438), this statement is only the beginning of America’s â€Å"city on a hill† (435) beliefs. Soon after the Vietnam War began the thinking changed from â€Å"United States could not be beaten in war† (440) to â€Å"Vietnam should have taught us that we could not continue to play the role of moral advisor and moral enforcer to the world† (437). Loren shows the readers not only the birth of our nation, but how Americans have gone from isolated to protector of free nations, and a World Power. By supporting his thoughts with quotes and grave description this story will not only open your mind to your thinking but to the thoughts of the nation we live in today. Works Cited Baritz, Loren. â€Å"God’s Country and American Know-How† Real Culture; contexts for critical reading and writing. Ed. Diana George and John Trimbor. 5th Ed. New York: Parison Longman, 2004. 434-41

Personal Culture And My Family Culture Essay - 2114 Words

While looking upon my personal culture and my family’s culture in an attempt to find appropriate dishes for this assignment, it became apparent to me that I have no definite culture. Whereas I have lived in Canada my whole life, my family’s background has engaged me in varying cultures, though I have never felt truly attuned to one culture. On the other hand, my father is a first generation Canadian, his parents both from Scotland. Though aware of my Scottish origins and my grandparents’ migration to Canada, Scottish culture has never been explicitly celebrated amongst those in my family. Furthermore, my family previously migrated from Ireland during the Irish famine, resulting in Irish culture to also represented in my family’s culture. Variously, my mother’s side of the family has lived in Canada for many generations, but I do not consider myself as being authentically Canadian. Accordingly, throughout my childhood, I was never encouraged to celeb rate an explicit culture. Furthermore, religion was never prominent in my life either, as my parents decided against baptizing any of my siblings and me, as per the family tradition, because they wished for us to have religious freedom. However, because of the rest of my family’s religion, as well as my background, my family has always celebrated Christian holidays, though I have never been to church for a reason other than a wedding. I find that without any cultural ties from my family’s history and practices, that the culture IShow MoreRelatedMexican Culture929 Words   |  4 PagesProfessor English 111 14 February 2013 Mexican and College Culture The word culture comes from the Latin â€Å"cultura† that means cultivation or improvement. It is the way that a person can improve through education, and ideals from other people. Nowadays, culture defines a group of people with the same interest and traditions. Mexican and college culture have many characteristics but the three more significant characteristics between the two cultures are values, beliefs, and important objects. Read MoreDifferences Between The And Religious Groups1195 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolvements to their neighborhood associates. We live in a diverse nation, with each individual governed by their personal values and beliefs, while endeavoring to spread synchrony and unity. When it comes to understanding families, society should both emphasize the similarities that exist across ethnoracial and religious groups, and emphasize the differences that give these groups their unique culture and identity. We should value differences, as â€Å"the different abilities, interests, attitudes, and valuesRead MoreLooking into Personal Space862 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Personal space is a region of defended space surrounding someone. Trends of personal-space utilization might differ across human societies. Personal space varies from other kinds of defended space by being an encompassing bubble, which progresses with the person† (Psychology Dictionary). Defining an individual’s perso nal space can be difficult for because this boundary is often different between countries, environments and societal upbringings. An individual space may be different from person toRead MoreAnalysis Of Kenneth V. Hardy And Tracey A. Laszloffy1401 Words   |  6 Pagesa different perspective. After conducting my interviews I had the opportunity to get to learn more about my family and I in terms of culture. Kenneth V. Hardy and Tracey A. Laszloffy (1995), explained that one does not become conscious of actions, thoughts, or biases until they are processed intellectually, which is what this assignment allowed for. With that said, I will discuss and identify personal assumptions and biases I held of my interviewees, my ethnic and cultural heritage and the positive/negativeRead MoreCultural Assimilation Of Hispanic Immigrants996 Words   |  4 Pagescoming into the United States, the difference between the American and the Latin cultures is what has caused a huge hurdle that immigra nts have found hard to overpass. This obstacle has caused many generations to go through cultural assimilation. Mize et al. (2012) explain that cultural assimilation is the adaptation of immigrants to unfamiliar cultural patterns, which include language and the value systems of other cultures. In order for immigrants to be successful in another country, which is notRead MoreHeritage Assessment1510 Words   |  7 Pages Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Monica V. Poehner Grand Canyon University: Family Centered Health Promotion November 16, 2013 Heritage Assessment: Comparing Cultural Health Traditions Culture and heritage are the properties that make up a way of life for a specific population. As referenced by South African History Online (n.d.), â€Å"Culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society orRead MoreMy Own Culture, Race, Ethnicity, And Kinship1374 Words   |  6 Pagesown culture, race, ethnicity, and kinship is an important aspect to describing an individual. This relationship can be effected in terms of physical appearance and social situations within ones everyday life. Throughout my own life, family and kinship has positively influenced my own values and morals. Because of these aspects, I have experienced some stereotypes of my own race. Throughout my life, my family has impacted how I have looked upon my own morals and values. I grew up within my nuclearRead MoreGlobalization, The Unattainable Goal884 Words   |  4 PagesAppiah’s meaning for globalization is more specific and on a personal, family, and religious level with acceptance as his basis. His approach to globalization is what appears to be perception based, outside of what his family beliefs are. Foer perceives globalization culture as, observed through sports, specifically soccer, family influence, and other means to preserve globalization change as Americans. As each author sees the world of globalization in their own way, they actually compliment eachRead MoreCulture Is The Big Things And The Little Things1163 Words   |  5 PagesMeaning of Culture Culture means the big things and the little things. Culture to me is the big, little, and everything in between. For a while I wasn’t sure what culture was. When I found out I realized I needed to find out what it meant to me. What I decided was this, Culture is family, traditions, and values. Culture is what I want to carry down to my children and the way I live my life. It is what I grew up with and around and how I will understand the choices of my life later on. Culture is so importantRead MoreCulture Is The Most Visible Face Of A Society937 Words   |  4 Pages Culture is a concept that has broad connotations with many different interpretations, it relates to all aspects of physical life and spiritual life of the human. According to anthropologists, culture is the major way in which humans adapt to their environments and give meaning to their lives. Or in other words, culture is the most visible face of a society. If we take a look into culture, we can see most of aspec ts of a whole society. For example, in everyday life, culture is generally understood

Spiritual Wellbeing An Integral Part Of Mental,...

Final Project: Spiritual Wellbeing Spiritual wellbeing is an integral part of mental, emotional and physical health. It is considered to be a primary coping resource on the journey of recovering and healing. Spiritual wellbeing can also be associated with religion but does not have to be. It is considered to be a journey to find importance in life and the role you will play among them with the overarching purpose to find meaning to life. While researching measures of spiritual wellbeing I came across The Spiritual Wellbeing Scale provided by Life Advance. Life Advance’s mission is to promote cooperation and excellence in research (Life Advance, 2009). Life Advance created The Spritual Wellbeing Scale during a time in American society when there was an increasing interest in understanding the genuine quality of life. They began the initial measures by measuring tangible and countable goods and services. For example, the amount of household services that existed within an average home. However, further research was done and they concluded that the number of items accumulated does not increase the quality of life. They wanted to research how the experiences of life correlate with the quality of life, which is how the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale came about. Created by Dr. Ellison. A social psychologist at Dr. David Moberg of Marquette University. In 1976 Dr. Ellison began formulating ways a scale might measure a quality of life indicator to assess spiritual wellbeing (LifeShow MoreRelatedFirst Nations Midwifery1216 Words   |  5 Pagesmidwifery has been neglected for more modern and westernized medical practices deemed safer. In the First nations community, midwives have always been an integral part of the health system assisting expecting women during delivery. In the mid nineteenth and twentieth century, midwifery was outlawed in many communities and reserves ‘for the sake of the health of the country’ (Parkland Memorial Hospital School of Nurse Midwifery). With the outlaw of midwifery in First nation reserves, expectant mothers wereRead MoreThe Joint Commission- A Non Profit Organization989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Spiritual care can significantly improve the physical and mental health of nursing home residents. Elderly people are going through a period of life that is set apart by the loss of ability, wellbeing, freedom, and companions. Religious and spiritual individuals regularly utilize their faith and beliefs to adapt to these losses, thus it is critical to keep on providing religious services for seniors who need them. Unfortunately after admitting to the nursing homes, the spiritual and religiousRead MoreIndigenous Development in Canada1706 Words   |  7 Pages Before we analyse the data of the health indicators and data in Aboriginal communities, we must recognise the sheer diversity of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada - who are so dispersed across the nation. This this severely limits our interpretation of data on Aboriginal communities as, there is little data on Aboriginal people who do not live on Aboriginal reservations in Canada (Cardwell and Wilson: 2005). Furthermore, the data that is often used in empirical studies of indigenous communitiesRead MoreCultural Identity And Well Being1321 Words   |  6 Pageswell-being. First there will be a consideration on what defines a cultural identity and how it fits in with psychological development and well-being. Followed by an explanation of different perspectives of well-being. BODY Cultural identity is a part of the psychological self-concept that expresses an individual or group’s worldview and perceived cultural affiliations. The first step in finding a societal fit is to establish a cultural identity; this can be on an individual level and group levelRead MoreEssay on Professional Presence and Influence2125 Words   |  9 Pagestechnologically as has medicine. This includes our understanding of health and healing as evidenced by Dossey’s three eras of medicine. Era 1, beginning in the 1800’s, reflected the prevailing view that health and illness are totally physical in nature and therapies included surgical procedures and drugs. Era 2, starting in the 1950’s, related to the mind and body. Practitioners began to realize that emotions and feelings can impact health. Era 3, still developing today, began in the 1990’s and buildsRead MoreCompassion Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Nurses Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesoften exper ienced by nurses and other health care professionals due to their stressful work environment. Compassion fatigue is extreme exhaustion that penetrates all aspects of one’s wellbeing, including the physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual aspects of life (Murphy-Ende, 2012). Dealing with children who are both chronically ill or in palliative care is known to be extremely stressful. Not only are nurses faced with dealing with the physical symptoms of their patients, they also mustRead MoreEssay Work in the Nursing Profession2471 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"With Nightingale the focus was on nurses working systematically in the environment of healthcare, healing and restoring people to health.†(Potter and Perry 1993,pp.208-209) Present day nursing has changed from one of task orientation to one of accountability and responsibility for one’s actions. Nursing looks at the whole part of a person rather than just the part that is ill or diseased. Currently nursing is done at universities , technical and further education centres and at registered trainingRead MoreJean Watson2476 Words   |  10 PagesRoanoke, Virginia. She then moved to Colorado, where she now lives, to further her education. She attended the University of Colorado and received her Bachelor of Science in Nursing in 1964, then further pursued her Master’s degree in psychiatric-mental health nursing in 1966 and then on to obtain her Ph.D. in educational psychology and counseling in 1973. Today she serves as a legendary Professor of Nursing and holds an endowed Chair in Caring Science at the University of Colorado and is a Fellow inRead MoreUnit 305 COMPLETED Understand person centred approaches Essay5866 Words   |  24 Pagespr omote individuality, so that the service user can make informed choices and decisions to understand that the choices and decisions they make have consequences which may just as easily have risk as well as having a positive outcome to their own health and wellbeing. By empowering individuals to maintain their own independence, we work to the policies and procedures of not only our organization but the social care sector. Everyone has the right to privacy which allows self-respect and dignity, keepingRead MoreConcepts of Health2342 Words   |  10 PagesCONCEPTS OF HEALTH INTRODUCTION As humans remain different in nature, so are their perceptions and response towards certain issues of their lives and well being. The concept of health assumes to be a typical example of this and hence, poses debate about what it is. â€Å"Health† is a word which means different things to different people (Ewles Simnett, 2003). This essay intends to critically discuss the meaning of health by exploring different definitions and their contraindications. Naidoo

Online Gambling And Online Casino - 1757 Words

Blog 16 – Remaining inside the law when you play online casino games Online casino gaming is a lot of fun, with all the thrills and spills of the latest games working wonders to entertain people. However, across Europe and around the world for that matter, the legalities of online casino play still have plenty of people baffled. As the confusion continues to reign regarding legal matters, the following blog should help clear up a few matters related to such. What the Internet has done has worked to bring countries together; individuals from all around the world can now access online casinos from seemingly anywhere. This has raised plenty of important questions when it comes to the industry, how do you know if an online is operating†¦show more content†¦Outside of the nation’s legal status, the online casino itself needs to be operating legally. This comes about through governmental or regulatory body approval. Before you sign-up to an online casino you need to confirm several different things: †¢ The casino must show that it is abiding by country laws related to online gambling. †¢ The casino must be approved by a well-known governing body. †¢ The casino must show that it segregates player accounts from company funds. While the above factors are considered essential from a legal standpoint, it also works to confirm their legitimacy in the eyes of the player. Before you start playing anywhere you should make sure that you do the following: †¢ Check that as a player you fall within your country’s laws to gamble. †¢ Always read the terms and conditions attached to your online casino, to make sure you have a legal understanding of the service that they are offering. †¢ Seek out reviews (such as ones found on an online casino portal) before signing up to confirm the nature and reputation of an online casino. Online casino gaming is currently legal in most of Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Caribbean, along with South Africa and New Zealand. Online casino gaming is currently partly prohibited in Hong Kong, Australia and the United States. Remember that (along with all the above) and you should be able to gamble legally and safely. Blog 17 – The ins and outs of online casino VIPShow MoreRelatedOnline Gambling And Online Casino1782 Words   |  8 PagesWhat can players expect more of when it comes to online casino gaming in 2016? Considering it’s January, it is no shock to see that online casino industry analysts are clambering over themselves to issue predictions for the upcoming 12 months. While some of the predictions are obvious, it seems that some online casino operators are focussing more on what players want. Speaking on the matter, we have headed to both the polls and the online casino portals to discover exactly what that is. Calls forRead MoreOnline Gambling And Online Casino Gaming1742 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 25 – Manage your way to online casino success We’ve all heard the stories, as many players have been brought to their knees by the world of gambling. Online casino gaming can be notoriously cruel to some, especially those who don’t play with skill and common sense in mind. While there is no denying that there is risk involved in online casino gaming, it must be said that if you fail to prepare then you really should be prepared to fail. There is no other way around it; luck is only going toRead MoreOnline Gambling : Newtown Online Casino Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesNewTown Online Casino Malaysia The Most Preferred Online Casino Product in Malaysia Newtown Online Casino Malaysia (also known as NTC33) is another outstanding online betting product that is highly favored by the local online casino gamers. By leveraging on the exceptional slot games rendered by Playtech, Newtown Casino has deeply penetrated into the local online betting sphere, which is also highly renowned as one of the most remarkable online slot games in Malaysia. Moreover, there are numerousRead MoreOnline Gambling : Online Casino Gaming1753 Words   |  8 PagesBlog 7 – Online casinos continue to raise the stakes when it comes to prizes In the world of online casino gaming it truly is a jungle out there. Whether you are a player scouting an online casino portal for the best deal or an online casino fighting it out to secure new business, it can be a warzone to say the very least. However, as this war has taken place, what has occurred has actually worked wonders in pushing the industry forward. New games and new innovations are regularly released, withRead MoreOnline Gambling : Online Casino Bonus1765 Words   |  8 Pagesto make the absolute most of an online casino bonus Let me tell you something, as a true veteran of the industry, I am all to aware of what is needed from somebody in order to â€Å"make it†. While everyone will consider himself or herself to be unique, the reality is that every online gambler’s journey starts the same way. It is through online casino bonuses that modern day players are able to step into realm with dreams of winning big. Finding the right online casino bonus has made it effortless throughRead MoreGambling1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling To some people gambling is just a waste of time and money but to some it can be a winning streak. Back then in the 1970s 30-55 years old was the typical age that most people gambled but now the typical age is 17-70 years old. In the United States the legal age to gamble is 21 in most casinos and in some Indian casinos the legal age is 18. There are many ways to gamble there are casinos, online gambling and even home gambling with family or friendsRead MoreHow Gambling Has Become The Favorite Distraction Of Americans1179 Words   |  5 PagesGambling has become the favorite distraction of Americans and could very well be the world s oldest pastime with the dollars spent doubling since 2006 from $57 billion to $116.9 billion in 2016 (Pempus 1; Vacek 1; Finger 1) . Those dollars have been divided between traditional gambling, from brick and mortar casinos such as the Bellagio in Las Vegas, Nevada and Mill Bay Casino in Manson, Washington to Cashman Casino, myKONAMI, and Slotmania, th e most downloaded online application (app) of 2012Read MoreOnline Gambling Enforcement Act Of 20061203 Words   |  5 Pagesthe explosion of online casino gambling swept the world. The United States had been a large part of this, and many gamblers had turned to online casinos for all of their gaming. For many years, these casinos continued to be played unabated. Unfortunately, back in 2006, legislation was passed that made it slightly difficult for online casinos to continue to operate. This legislation, sneaked in by piggyback through the Safe Port Act, would be named the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act, andRead MoreArticle On Online Casino Games1574 Words   |  7 PagesArticle 25 – Online casino game developers to watch in 2015 If you love playing online casino games, there are plenty of reasons to get excited about 2015. Current software developers are working round the clock to raise the bar in terms of fun and quality, but it isn’t just the names you recognize that is pushing the online casino industry forward. Brand new software developers are seemingly starting up monthly, and with these new companies come brand new casino games and game technology. WhileRead MoreHow Online Gambling Is The Legal And Development Insights Right Here Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesHow to Make a Gambling Website? Considering to launch an online gambling business? Get to know all the legal and development insights right here. Online gaming and gambling industry is ripe and striving. The estimated global revenues are predicted to hit $56.8 billion by 2018. If you are planning to start a gambling website, there might be no better time than now. However, before you consider creating a betting website or hiring a gambling website development company to do the job for you, you

Case Study/Research Paper of Mergers Icici and Icici Bank Free Essays

Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited (ICICI) was founded by the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of private industry on 5 January, 1995. The objective was to encourage and assist industrial development and investment in India. Over the years, ICICI has evolved into a diversified financial institution. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study/Research Paper of Mergers Icici and Icici Bank or any similar topic only for you Order Now ICICI’s principal business activities include project finance, infrastructure finance, corporate finance, securitization, leasing, deferred credit, consultancy services and custodial services. It has set up specialised subsidiaries in the areas of commercial banking, investment banking, non banking finance, investor servicing broking, venture capital finance and state level infrastructure financing from where the group draws its strength. ICICI BANK- ICICI Bank was set up by the ICICI group as a commercial banking outfit on 5 January, 1994 and received its banking license from the RBI on 17 May, 1994. The first branch of ICICI Bank was started in Chennai in June 1994 and by 31 March, 1999 and before the merger it had 64 branches across the country. From the beginning the branches were fully computerised with state-of-the-art technology and systems and networked through VSAT technology. It offered a wide spectrum of domestic and international banking services to facilitate trade, investment, cross-border business and treasury and foreign exchange services. This is in addition to a whole range of deposit services offered to individuals and corporate bodies. ICICI Bank’s ‘Infinity’ was the first Internet banking service in the country. Currently the Bank has around 350000 customers. * ABOUT THE MERGER After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking Industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank decided to go for the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank which would be beneficial for both entities and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group’s universal banking strategy. In October 2001, the Board of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002,by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmadabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002. ICICI Limited merged with ICICI Bank Limited on 30 March 2002, with the swap ratio of 2 ICICI Shares for 1 share of ICICI Bank Limited. With this merger, the second largest Bank in India was born. RBI had given approval for the reverse merger of ICICI Ltd. with its banking arm ICICI Bank. ICICI Bank with Rs. 1 lakh crore asset base bank is second only to State Bank of India, which is well over Rs. 3 lakh crore in size. RBI also cleared the merger of two ICICI subsidiaries. FOR ICICI THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Increasing the speed in financing long-term projects 2. Obtaining access to cheaper funds for lending 3. Increasing its appeal to investors for raising capital base needed to write off bad loans 4. Competing more effectively in the retail finance market dominated by banks FOR ICICI BANK THE MERGER MEANT- 1. Expanding geographically 2. Utilising large capital base of ICICI 3. Gaining brand equity from the strong brand of ICICI 4. Deriving benefits from ICICI’s well established corporate relationship * CONDITIONS LAID DOWN BY THE RBI BEFORE GIVING THE APPROVAL FOR THE MERGER (i) Compliance with Reserve Requirements The ICICI Bank Ltd. ould comply with the Cash Reserve Requirements (under Section 42 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934) and Statutory Liquidity Reserve Requirements (under Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949) as applicable to banks on the net demand and time liabilities of the bank, inclusive of the liabilities pertaining to ICICI Ltd. from the date of merger (ii) Appointment of Directors The bank should en sure compliance with Section 20 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, concerning granting of loans to the companies in which directors of such companies are also directors. iii) Conditions relating to Swap Ratio As the proposed merger is between a banking company and a financial institution, all matters connected with shareholding including the swap ratio, will be governed by the provisions of Companies Act, 1956, as provided (iv) Subsidiaries While taking over the subsidiaries of ICICI Ltd. after merger, the bank should ensure that the activities of the subsidiaries comply with the requirements of permissible activities to be undertaken by a bank under Section 6 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and Section 19 (1) of the Act ibid. v) Preference Share Capital Section 12 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 requires that capital of a banking company shall consist of ordinary shares only (except preference share issued before 1944). * BENEFITS OF MERGER Through the merger, ICICI Bank became India’s 1st universal bank that is, one-stop shop financial services in India and acquired large market share of retail banking and offered a complete range of banking products. 1. Optimum utilisation of human capital 2. Improved ability to further diversity asset portfolio and business revenues 3. Reduced costs of funds 4. Availability of more float money due to active participation in the payment system 5. Diversified fund raising due to access to retail funds 6. Leveraged the ICICI’s capital and client base in terms of increase in fee income 7. Improved profitability by leveraging technology and low cost structure 8. Access to ICICI group’s talent pool and thereby development of human resource at lower costs. * PROBLEMS FACED . The risk of failure to obtain government and other approvals of the merger as per planned. 2. The risk of failure of the High Courts of Mumbai and Gujarat to approve the scheme of Amalgamation. 3. The risk of business which may not be integrated as smooth as planned. 4. Merger of ICICI Ltd and ICICI bank making it more difficult to maintain relationships with clients, employees and suppliers. 5. The risk of new and changing regulation and unfavourable politica l support or other developments in Indian and international markets. CONCLUSION The swap ratio was based on the valuations and recommendations of investment bankers. The merger ratio was set as two ICICI shares for every ICICI Bank share that is one equity share of ICICI Bank was swapped for two equity shares of ICICI. The merger brought operational strategies both in terms of economies of scale and scope. Economies of scale achieved through increase in business volumes at lower operating costs and deployment of latest technology. Economies of scope were achieved through enlarged product range. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ICICI AND ICICI BANK AFTER MERGER ICICI Ltd Profit to equity holders increased by 16% 21% increase in Indian GAAP consolidated profits ICICI BANK There was always an increase seen in the profits after the merger The merger took place in 2002 and its 2013 now the merger has successfully completed 11 years which shows that the merger created a strong entity, which will redefine banking in the highly competitive era of globalisation and liberalisation. BIBLIOGRAPHY * www. google. com * www. economictimes. com How to cite Case Study/Research Paper of Mergers Icici and Icici Bank, Free Case study samples

Human History Negotiation

Question: Discuss about theHuman History for Negotiation. Answer: Introduction Throughout human history, people have always used negotiation in daily activities such as trading, getting out of trouble or asking for something they desire. In the trading process, the negotiation skills and strategies of an individual determined the amount they would pay for goods and services. However, in the current society, negotiation has become a practice that very few people have the required skills and tactics to handle. In buying and selling of goods, consumers are given fixed prices that do not require negotiation (Craver, 2012). People hire individuals who have the required negotiation tactics and strategies to handles cases the need finding a middle ground. Some of these people who are hired include lawyers during out of court settlement and experienced negotiators. Some people hire negotiators during the process of buying and selling homes and cars. In essence, negotiation tactics and strategies make the negotiation process possible. Some of these strategies include learning how to negotiate for anything. The first lesson in being an effective negotiator is to know that everything in this world is a fair game. It is important to know whatever offer that is given is not final (Rubin Brown, 2013). Another important strategy is learning how to ask to speak with the owner or manager in a business situation. People need to learn how to negotiate for better salaries by asking to speak directly to the manager or owner of a firm. Keeping a poker face helps the negotiator and not displaying unusual interest in a commodity or situation is important (Dima Vladutescu, 2012). The strength of the negotiating position depends on the actual alternatives to a given deal. As a buyer, it is important not to fixate on a single item. Another strategy in the negotiating process is making sure that the negotiator does not make the first offer and not negotiating with oneself. During the selling and buying process, never make the first offer. This is because the other party might offer a price that has a better deal than what negotiator had initially in mind (Lumineau Henderson, 2012, p. 387). Moreover, it is important to use time and silence as a tactic. Lastly, if the negotiation process does not meet the deal a person wanted, it is important to walk away and communicate to the other party about your decision either orally or in written form. Some of the best tactics of a negotiator include gathering benchmark data, choosing the best time for the negotiation process, selecting an early time, and selecting the best medium for the negotiation process. It is important to avoid negotiation terminology such as accept, or reject can make a person negotiate more aggressively. Case Scenario Every day, I find myself in situations that require the use of negotiation skills and tactics that I have learnt in the past. Recently, I wanted to purchase my first car, and as I walked into the dealership, I knew what I wanted for a car and the amount I could afford for this given car. In the dealership, I was met with a salesperson that was pleasant and ready to show the variety of cars that were available. Some of the cars that were displayed were more than my budget. I finally settled on a car that I liked but was above the price had budgeted. I knew I had to negotiate without making the salesperson feel like I wanted to buy the car at a lower price, hence reduce the commission that he would get the deal. One of the strategies I used and worked was asking for the owner who was easy and a better negotiator than the salesperson. He gave me an offer, and it was exactly the price I wanted for the car, but it was after a long negotiation process. Reference List Craver, C.B., 2012.Effective legal negotiation and settlement. LexisNexis. Dima, I.C. and Vladutescu, S., 2012.Persuasion elements used in logistical negotiation: Persuasive logistical negotiation. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. Lumineau, F. and Henderson, J.E., 2012. The influence of relational experience and contractual governance on the negotiation strategy in buyersupplier disputes.Journal of Operations Management,30(5), pp.382-395. Rubin, J.Z. and Brown, B.R., 2013.The social psychology of bargaining and negotiation. Elsevier.

Was the Kenyan Reform Policy Successful free essay sample

A look at Kenyas economy and society today, ten years after the last reform policy. It has been ten years since the last reforms came into effect in Kenya. This paper looks back and sees what has been accomplished. The paper measures the success of the reforms and considers several economic indicators both before the reform and after to see how they have changed. These factors are then considered as a whole to develop a better outlook on the entire picture. Other factors discussed are education, the performance of the industrial sector, the trade and tourism sector, the finance sector, rate of inflation, employment and wages, the agricultural sector, construction, social services and some comments on the general conditions of the average person in Kenya today. It would seem as if the 1992 reforms had been successful if you look at economic growth, literacy rate, wage increases, and greater opportunity for employment. We will write a custom essay sample on Was the Kenyan Reform Policy Successful? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Gross Domestic Product as well as the Gross Domestic Product per capita has increased as well. If you only look at these quantitative figures, it would lead one to conclude that the reforms have been successful. However, if you look at the life of the average, rural Kenyan, little has changed. Most of their income is spent on food and most still live in houses of wood and mud with thatched roofs. Many still report wide-spread corruption in the government and a mistrust of security forces. They do have better opportunities for employment. The ability to own their own land has been a tremendous help in developing the opportunity to participate actively in the economy.

The geographies of distinction between humans and animals, and the points at which they intersect. The WritePass Journal

The geographies of distinction between humans and animals, and the points at which they intersect. Introduction The geographies of distinction between humans and animals, and the points at which they intersect. IntroductionBIBLIOGRAPHY:Related Introduction This paper will discuss the question whether animals have rights or not. It will do so by first addressing the geographies of distinction between humans and animals, and the points at which they intersect. Using this understanding, it will develop an evaluation of the ethical need for animal rights. It will then review standpoints arguing both for and against this proposition, before offering its conclusion that society’s need for formulating a degree of anima; rights is inescapable. I Wolch et al. (2003) outline the emergence of the animal geographies in the diagram attached, noting how the development of social theory, cultural studies and environmental studies led to a rethinking of culture, subjectivity and nature respectively. These changes in human geography, and its intersection with new cultural geography led to the development of what we understand as animal geographies. Different scholars have approached this concept from several different manners. Wolch et al (2002) have written how these developments led to â€Å"geographers  from various intellectual traditions- political economy, post-structuralism, feminism, and science studies- arguing for animal subjectivity and the need to unpack the â€Å"black box† of   Nature   to enliven understandings   of   the   world.   In  particular, the focus was animals’ role in the social construction of culture  and individual human subjects, the nature  of  animal subjectivity, and agency itself.† Therefore, the concept of animal geographies, and treating animals as subjects, flows from two premises – the scientific information regarding the behaviour of animals, and from treating them as groups that have been socially created as outsiders, minorities or subalterns. (Wolch et al. 2003) Elder et al. (1998) stress the dangers of terms like dehumanization which can lead to the assumption that non-humans (i.e: animals) are therefore inferior and should be treated such. They make the disclaimer however that it is dangerous to omit the acknowledgement of the existence of a difference between humans and animals as to deny a problem leads to inability to recognise, accept and solve it. â€Å"Rather, in our view, stopping the violence requires adopting recipes for le pratique sauvage wild practice and extending them to embrace animals as well as people.† (Elder et al. 1998.) Birke (1995) summarises this position when she writes that â€Å"We need to find ways of expressing concern about what happens to the (suffering) animals that do not express some kind of cultural imperialism.† Other thinkers have also developed this idea of the suffering faced by animals leading to an application of ethics towards them. Jones (2000) for example claims that every encounter between humans and animals represents a question of ethics with regards to what sort of behaviour is undertaken. In much the same vein, Beauchamp (1997) writes that â€Å"Animals have moral standing; that is, they have properties (including the ability to feel pain) that qualify them for the protections of morality. It follows from this that humans have moral obligations toward animals, and because rights are logically correlative to obligations, animals have rights. † In fact, it can be argued that scholars have gone to great lengths to radically question the very distinction between animals and humans. Authors such as Whatmore and Thorne (1998) have used Actor Network Theory to argue that there is no inherent difference between humans and nonhumans, and furthermore that the distinctions between humans and animals are subject to both negotiation and even change. They use this inference to argue for animal agency in the consideration of their behaviours. Scholars like Patterson (2002) have taken historical cases of institutionalized violence within human societies and argued that their development and implementation has been preceded by the institutionalized violence against animals in the form of farming and rearing for human consumption. He writes that â€Å"once animals were ‘domesticated,’ herdsmen and farmers adopted mechanisms of detachment, rationalization, denial and euphemism to distance themselves emotionally from their captive†¦in slave societies, the same practices used to control animals were used to control slaves − castration, branding whipping, chaining, ear cropping.† Wadiwel (2004) coalesces this argument to explain that â€Å"Understood in this fashion, human violence represents not only a capacity for dehumanisation alone, but is tied closely to the justification of violence against the non-human. This reflects not only the capacity for humans to harm each other, but draws attention to the sustained incarceration, torture and violence that is directed towards animals in slaughterhouses, experimental laboratories and factory farms.† Patterson (2002) goes on to cite examples of how the Armenians being shuttled to genocide by Ottoman Turks and the Jews being taken to concentration camps by Germans were both referred to by their captors by animal terms. Moreover, he provides the example of an attack dog used at a concentration camp that was referred to by a human name. He correlates these ideas to argue the volatility of the idea of ‘human’ as a category. However, not all scholars have embraced this increasing blurriness between the boundaries of humans and animals. Agamben (2004) argues that â€Å"it is more urgent to work on these divisions, to ask in what way − within man − has man been separated from non-man, and the animal from the human, than it is to take positions on the great issues, on so called human rights and values.† He goes on to employ the work of Heidegger to explain the distinction he believes is inherent between humans and animals. He posits that Heidegger believed that animals maintain a sense of â€Å"captivation with their discrete environmental elements.† In this situation, the animal cannot conceptualize the act of being, which is distinctly reserved for Heidegger’s concept of the ‘Daesin.’ In contrast, humans are distinct in their ability to locate themselves in their surroundings without requiring any input or cues from their environment. He gives the example of how one would flip through a magazine while waiting for a train – an act that does not involve engagement with the environment, but rather attempts to block out the surroundings. According to Agamben (2004) this â€Å"Dasein  is simply an animal that has learned to become bored; it has awakened from its captivation to its own captivation.† Wadiwel (2004) articulates Agamben’s position by writing that â€Å"For Agamben the animal is found within the very core of humanity, and thus, the human subject is only achieved through the continual rearticulation of a space beyond animal.† This idea is similar to those developed by classical scholars, such as Aristotle (1952) who famously proclaimed â€Å"Man is by nature a rational animal,† a statement that simultaneously places humans as distinct from animals as well as acknowledging that both categories emerge from a shared conceptual space. However, there is a general convergence amongst scholars that articulating a difference amongst humans and animals does not necessitate a suspension of the discussion on animal rights. What is crucial is how the articulation of these distinctions (or lack thereof) influences the development of the level of rights afforded to animals. II The arguments for the extension of rights to animals can be divided into three general categories, which are determined by their philosophical approach. These three are utilitarian, rights-based and abolitionist approaches. Tom Regan (1985) outlines the utilitarian principles with regards to morality as thus:   â€Å"A utilitarian accepts two moral principles. The first is that of equality: everyones interests count, and similar interests must be counted as having similar weight or importance†¦ everyones pain or frustration matter, and matter just as much as the equivalent pain or frustration of anyone else. The second principle a utilitarian accepts is that of utility: do the act that will bring about the best balance between satisfaction and frustration for everyone affected by the outcome.† Peter Singer (1975), one of the earliest proponents of animal rights, based his appeal not on the basis of the capacity for intelligence or the ability to moralize, but rather the ability to experience suffering. As mentioned before, other scholars have developed this line of reasoning as well. What is noteworthy here is to understand why Singer and his adherents chose to focus on suffering as the criteria for animal exclusion in to the rights debate. Singer posits that the basis for a contractual concept for morality should be the ability to suffer because that immediately creates a consideration against abuse or discrimination that is not bound by exceptions or obligations. Consequently, to exclude animals from such a moral contract would be to engage in what he describes as â€Å"speciesism.† (1975) Regan (1985) however argues that although suffering is deplorable, it is not the fundamental reason for extending rights to animals. He goes on to develop the idea that the exclusion of animals from our moral considerations resides in viewing them as resources. â€Å"The fundamental wrong is the system that allows us to view animals as our resources, here for us - to be eaten, or surgically manipulated, or exploited for sport or money. Once we accept this view of animals as our resources the rest is as predictable as it is regrettable. Why worry about their loneliness, their pain, their death? Since animals exist for us, to benefit us in one way or another, what harms them really doesnt matter.† Regan (1985) claims that rather than utilitarianism, the basis for extending rights to animals lies in the idea of inherent value, which he believes is possessed by each and every individual. â€Å"we are each of us the experiencing subject of a life, a conscious creature having an individual welfare that has importance to us whatever our usefulness to others †¦ As the same is true of those animals that concern us (the ones that are eaten and trapped, for example), they too must be viewed as the experiencing subjects of a life, with inherent value of their own.† The rights-based approach thus seeks to place the calculus of rights extension onto all beings that are a ‘subject of life’ a term which Regan personally bestows to most mammals above the age of one year, but not all sentient animals. However, the abolitionist approach severely critiques both these ideas, as well as other programs by claiming that they extend practices of animal welfare rather than animal rights. Gary Francione (2011), a principal advocate of this approach, writes that compassion extended to animals on the basis of their ability to suffer implies that it is acceptable to use animals for consumption as long as the process which does so is not inhumane. He claims that were the same principles extended to humans, the act would be defined as torture. In Francione’s (2011) mind, the principal problem is the treatment of animals not as resources alone, but as property. â€Å"Animals are  property. They are things. And the whole point of being a thing is that you don’t have an inherent or intrinsic value. Animals are economic commodities; they have a market value. As a general matter, we spend money to protect animal interests only when it is justified as an economic matter- only when we derive an economic benefit from doing so†¦ Virtually all animal welfare laws fit this paradigm. They protect selected animal interests and the effect of protecting these interests is to make the production process more efficient.† Thus if the extension of rights is based not on the ability to suffer pain nor being a subject of life, but rather on the right not to be treated as property, then the foundation of those rights lies in the idea of sentience – that is any sentient being deserves the extension of those rights upon itself. (Francione, 2000) III The arguments against the extension of rights to animals are largely based around the semantics of rights and obligations, and the relationship between the two concepts. A large number of the critiques of animal-rights campaigners have focused on whether the provision of rights to a group can be made if the group has no comprehension of how these rights apply to them, and what duties and obligations are owed by them if these provisions are extended to them. Carl Cohen (1986), one of the primary opponents to the animal rights movement, writes that   â€Å"the holders of rights must have the capacity to comprehend rules of duty governing all, including themselves. In applying such rules, the holders of rights must recognize possible conflicts between what is in their own interest and what is just. Only in a community of beings capable of self-restricting moral judgments can the concept of a right be correctly invoked.† In a similar vein, Roger Scruton (2000) writes that â€Å"In all our dealings with the animals, the inherent mastership of the human race displays itself. And this only goes to show that we alone have the duty to look after the animals, because we alone have duties. The corollary is inescapable: we alone have rights.† It is important to note that the opponents of animal rights are not implicitly advocating the continuation of ‘inhumane’ or violent practices upon these beings. Carl Cohen for example has been amongst several voices in the opposition camp to condemn the excessive use of animals for laboratory testing for example. However, the theoretical basis for this call is not based on the equivalence of animal and human rights, but rather their relative positions. John Martin (1990) uses the concepts first articulated by Thomas Aquinas to explain why animal rights need not be the only mechanism for preventing cruelty and institutionalized violence towards animals. â€Å"The view that only man has rights in the absolute sense does not detract from the preciousness and beauty of the rest of nature, but it enhances man. In an age when mans rights are being questioned because of race or religion, enhancement of his position in nature must be beneficial. In practice Aquinass philosophy means that cruelty to animals must not be allowed by society and that caring for animals is to be encouraged. Not however, because animals have rights as man has rights, but because he who is cruel to animals will tend to be cruel to his fellowman: animals have to be protected so that man is protected.† This logic thus suggests that the prevention of cruelty towards animals is not due to the direct interest for their welfare, but rather to use it as a means of reducing violence amongst humans themselves. Once again, this position stresses the distinction between humans and animals to not only be significant, but also hierarchal so that humans are entrusted with acting in the best interests of animals. In fact, this position has been seen by some as only an extension of the apparent inviolability of nature itself. Robert Bidinitto (1992) put forth this idea when he said that â€Å"Strict observance of animal rights forbids even direct protection of people and their values against natures many predators. Losses to people are acceptable losses to animals are not. Logically then, beavers may change the flow of streams, but Man must not. Locusts may denude hundreds of miles of plant life but Man must not. Cougars may eat sheep and chickens, but Man must not.† The implication here is that the extension of animal rights serves to subvert what appears to be the traditional structure of how nature operates, and instead tries to insert its own paradigms which appear to be counter-intuitive. IV In conclusion, what we see is that the case for the extension of rights for animals is predicated upon the deconstruction of existing relationships of the distinctions between animals and humans, as well as the expansion of the understanding of how these newly deconstructed concepts should be allocated moralities and rights. In contrast, the opposition to extending rights to animals seeks to defend against these deconstructivist impulses, and to reify the position of humans at the pinnacle of both rights and obligations. While the extension of rights approach embraces contemporary ideas and seeks to cleave out new responses, the opposing camp continues to protect traditional stances, and this is where I feel that the argument suffers from a shortcoming. The following passage from Scruton (2000) offers an intriguing opportunity to deconstruct the pro-animal rights arguments themselves, by exploring how they can be guilty of using anthropomorphic concepts for animals. â€Å"It is at this point that the advocate of animal rights steps in. Like the child, he imagines the rabbit still dressed in its Beatrix Potter trousers, enjoying a quiet domestic life below ground. For him the warren is just like a human community- founded by negotiation and agreement, structured by rights, and entitled to protection from the law. To shoot such defenseless animals seems to him like a crime, and he campaigns vigorously for a law that will make it so.† I believe this is a major flaw of the pro-animal rights argument, and a primary reason why it is currently divided on qualitative differences in the decision of which animals to extend rights to, as well as the extents of those rights. At the same time, it cannot be denied that the traditional approaches to opposing animal rights suffer from propagating a bundle of values which appear outdated in contemporary society, and hence are problematic in their application. A successful resolution of this issue would thus require both a reevaluation of the ‘for’ and ‘against’ camps in light of their shortcomings, as well as placing limits on rights provision that display an affinity for scientifically verifiable criteria, rather than those based on personal values and sentiments. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Agamben,  G. The Open: Man and Animal, trans. Kevin Attell, Stanford University Press: Stanford California, 2004. Aristotle, (1952a)  On the Soul, trans. J. A. Smith, in The Works of Aristotle, Vol I, Encyclopedia Brittanica Inc: Chicago. Beauchamp, T .(1997) Opposing Views on Animal Experimentation: Do Animals Have Rights?, Ethics Behavior, Vol. 7: 2,   pp 113-120 Bidinitto, R. (1992) Environmentalism or Individualism?  EcoNOT.com Individualism, Not Environmentalism. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. econot.com/page4.html. Birke, L. (1995) Exploring the Boundaries: Feminism, Animals and Science. in Carol Adams and Josephine Donovan eds. Animals and Women Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, pp 95. Cohen, C (1986). The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research.  New England Journal of Medicine Vol.315  (14) pp 865-70. Elder, G., Wolch, J., Emel, J. (1998). Le pratique sauvage: Race, place, and the humananimal divide.   In   J. Wolch      J. Emel   (Eds.), Animal geographies: Place, politics, and identity in the nature-culture borderlands (pp. 72-90). London:   Verso Francione, G. (2000) Introduction to Animal Rights: Your Child or the Dog? Temple University Press Francione, G. (2011) What Michael Vick Taught Us.   Animal Rights: The Abolitionist Approach. Web. 14 Apr. 2011. abolitionistapproach.com/what-michael-vick-taught-us/. Jones, O. (2000). (Un)ethical geographies of human- non-human relations: Encounters, collectives and spaces. In C. Philo C. Wilbert (Eds.), Animal spaces, beastly places: New geographies of human-animal relations (pp. 268-291). New York: Routledge. Martin, J. The rights of man and animal experimentation Journal of medical ethics, 1990, 16, 160-161 Patterson,  C. Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust, Lantern Books: New York, 2002. Philo, C. (1995). Animals, geography and the city: Notes on inclusions and exclusions. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, Vol. 13, pp 655-68 Regan, T. (1985) The Case for Animal Rights, In Singer. P (ed), In Defense of Animals, New York: Basil Blackwell, pp. 13-26 Scruton, R.  (2000) Animal rights,  City Journal, Vol. 10:3, pp 100-107. Singer, P.  Animal Liberation, 1975; second edition, New York: Avon Books Wadiwel, D.   (2004) Animal by Any Other Name? Patterson and Agamben Discuss Animal (and Human) Life, Borderlands, Vol. 3: 1, pp 13-21 Whatmore, S., Thorne, L. B. (1998). Wild(er)ness: Reconfiguring   the geographies of wildlife. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographer, Vol. 23, pp 435-454. Wilbert, C. (2000). Anti-this-against-that: Resistances along a human non-human axis. In J. Sharp et al., (Eds.), Entanglements of power (pp. 238-255). London: Routledge Wolch,   J.,   Emel,   J.,   Wilbert,   C.   (2002) Animal Geographies. Society Animals Vol. 10:4 , Leiden Wolch,   J.,   Emel,   J.,   Wilbert,   C.   (2003).   Reanimating   cultural   geography.   In K. Anderson,   M.   Domosh,   N.   Thrift,   and   S.   Pile   (Eds.),   Handbook of   cultural   geography. London:   Sage